Pornography In The Media - 1532 Words

Pornography is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal. Pornography may be presented in a variety of media, including books, magazines, postcards, photographs, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, writing, film, video, and video games. The term applies to the depiction of the act rather than the act itself, and so does not include live exhibitions like sex shows and striptease. The primary subjects of present-day pornographic depictions are pornographic models, who pose for still photographs, and pornographic actors or porn stars, who perform in pornographic films. If dramatic skills are not involved, a performer in a porn film may also be called a model. Various groups within society†¦show more content†¦There is also some evidence that pornography can be used to treat voyeurism. Etymology The word is similar to the Modern Greek πΠ¿Ã ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ±Ãâ€ ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, which derives from the Greek words Ï€ÏÅ'Ï ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·, and ÃŽ ³Ã ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€ ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½, and the suffix -ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, thus meaning a written description or illustration of prostitutes or prostitution. No date is known for the first use of the word in Greek; the earliest attested, most related word one could find in Greek, is, pornographos, i.e. someone writing about harlots, in the Deipnosophists of Athenaeus. The Modern Greek word pornographia is a translation of the French pornographie. Pornographie was in use in the French language during the 1800s. The word did not enter the English language as the familiar word until 1857 or as a French import in New Orleans in 1842. Pornography is often abbreviated to porn or porno in informal language. History Depictions of a sexual nature are older than civilization as depictions such as the venus figurines and rock art have existed since prehistoric times. When large-scale excavations of Pompeii were undertaken in the 1860s, much of the erotic art of the Romans came to light, shocking the Victorians who saw themselves as the intellectual heirs of the Roman Empire. They did not know what to do with the frank depictions of sexuality and endeavored to hide them away from everyone but upper-class scholars. The moveable objects were locked away in theShow MoreRelatedPornography and the New Media Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesPornography and New Media Pornography, depending on how one defines it, has existed for thousands of years in the forms of picture, sculpture, performance, and writing. Over the centuries the advent of new media has broadened the flow of distribution of pornography and erotica to the masses, making it readily accessible. From the printing press, to photography, to film, each new medium has provoked a call for censorship from concerned citizens during the early stages of its existence. PornographyRead MorePornography And Sexual Aggression By The Media2242 Words   |  9 PagesA critically controversial issue that has been promoted and advertised by the media is the abundance of violence against women in the United States. Per the statistics page of the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence website, â€Å"Every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten.† (NCADV.org). Although the entirety of the blame cannot be placed on medial sources, most play a large part in influencing thoughts of hostility towards females. The guiltiest party amid these medial sourcesRead MoreEssay about The Harmful Effects of Pornography 1626 Words   |  7 Pages Whether pornography is an excuse to make acts of violence public? A big number of famous scholars, no matter men or women, have given their opinions. Each of them has their own view, but we can sort them into two groups, which are against to serious censorship and willing to convict and uproot pornography. Because of pornography, women’s status can never be equal to men’s. Recently, a revolution about the perception of moral values comes out in the world, which refers to how deep the changes ofRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1711 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence usually are not the first words you would expect to come to mind when thinking about the term â€Å"social media,† yet with a little digging you will soon realize it could be the perfect description. Social media can be defined as forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content. Most often socia l media is understood as a positive concept because of the ways it has allowed us to attain cheap and easily accessibleRead MorePornography : Pornography And Pornography913 Words   |  4 PagesBefore, I started this course I would have defined pornography by saying porn is porn. This quote sums up how I felt. â€Å"I can t define pornography, but I know it when I see it,† said Justice Stewart (West, 2012). However, just after reading the resources from the first few weeks I see why defining it is so hard, it is too broad and there is too much ‘it depends on.’ The definition of pornography is every changing and will be different depending on the country, country, culture, and family and downRead MoreGail Diness How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship†(xi). With the competition of the pornography industry and the consumer desensitization of porn has driven the porn industry to create more hard core porn to satisfy t he consumers and raise profits. In the beginning of the book, Dines’ depicts the history of pornography and the growing number of competition porn has for consumers. Later she describes, the impact porn has on our culture, the effects on both men and women, and our relationships Pornography has a tremendously evolved from beingRead MoreEverybody Knows Big Porn Is Destroying Relationships Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesPornography is defined as the representation in books, magazines, photographs, films, and other media of scenes of sexual behaviour that are erotic or lewd and are designed to arouse sexual interest (Legal Dictionary, 2014). In 2002, the adult film industry accumulated an average 3.9 billion dollar profit, and this figure has almost tripled since (Forbes Magazine, 2002). Pornography is misconceived within society as a violent and demoralising form of adult entertainment, and can be perceived as aRead MoreThe Sexuality Of Women s Sexuality817 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent ‘types’ of feminists with varying beliefs on various topics. Pornography is one of the most widely disputed of these topics, and has long caused controversy among feminists. Two clear, and distinctly different, sides have been taken by Andrea Dworkin as well as Linda Williams. The former of these two academics has taken the presumably more controversial stance. Dworkin is known for their radical stance that pornography only paints women as whores, as that is how they are seen in a maleRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Pornography on Society Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages Pornography is tearing apart the very fabric of our society. Yet Christians are often ignorant of its impact and apathetic about the need to control this menace. Pornography is an $8 billion a year business with close ties to organized crime.The wages of sin are enormous when pornography is involved. Purveyors of pornography reap enormous profits through sales in so-called adult bookstores and viewing of films and live acts at theaters. Pornography involves books, magazines,Read MoreDoes Pornography Exploit or Liberate Women? Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesAlmost as lucrative as the oil industry; the omnipresent multi-media pornography industry is said to be more profitable than the music and video industries combined. The European Parliament (2003) estimates that more than two-thirds of the  £252 million spent by European internet users during 2001 was received by various pornographic websites. This recorded expenditure does not, however, account for the widely available non-internet based pornographic literature, theatre and DVD trade, or for prostitution

Creating An Effective Curriculum Free Essays

string(88) " many more individuals who are interested in what different child care attacks provide\." Part 1: Sum up the cardinal beliefs the theoretical account promotes sing the acquisition and development of immature kids. Part 2: Supply an lineation of the theoretical influences that have been used in the development of the course of study theoretical account. What theories have influenced the current theoretical account and how are they reflected. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating An Effective Curriculum or any similar topic only for you Order Now Part 3: Sketch the cardinal scheduling and course of study elements the selected theoretical account uses for planning and puting up the acquisition environment. The paper will necessitate to sketch how elements of observation, planning and execution are used. Part 4: Supply a sum-up of the types of appraisal and certification schemes used to measure ongoing acquisition and program subsequent chances. Part 5: Using the ELECT papers rules used in the class, measure if and how the selected theoretical account supports the six nucleus rules. Include specific illustrations of how the single elements are supported by the theoretical account. Supply a set of recommendations for how the ELECT elements can be better supported in the theoretical account being researched, by pedagogues working in an early acquisition environment. Important: This assignment will be completed separately. All assignments must run into academic criterions of authorship, including referencing. Plagiarism is academic discourtesy. Assignments must be stapled, and have a cover sheet with your name, class name, teacher name, and due day of the month. This assignment is deserving 35 % of your grade, and will be marked following the affiliated marker rubric. Taging Rubric: Curriculum Model Research Paper Aims non met 0 Markss Partially met outlooks 1 grade Met the basic outlooks as outlined for assignment 2marks Met the basic outlooks and besides provided some extra information to supply a clearer apprehension of subject 3marks Aims Thoroughly Met ( Comprehensive research and treatment of subject to the full supported with statements ; critical thought demonstrated. 4 Markss Provided a clear debut to paper sketching subject to be researched. Clearly identified cardinal beliefs built-in in course of study attack Cleary identified the assorted theories underlying theoretical account ‘s beliefs Who? and How? ) Explained the function of observations in the theoretical account – How they are done. – Purpose of observations Explain how the initial planning is done utilizing the course of study theoretical account. – How learning experiences are determined. – How curriculum programs are recorded/tracked. – Function of the squad in planning. Explain how course of study is implemented. – Particular construction that needs to be used. – How are stuffs and infinite used? – How does the theoretical account ‘s usage of clip impact the continuance of the acquisition experiences? – Educator ‘s function during assorted facets of course of study. Sum up the types of appraisal schemes used in this course of study theoretical account. – Identified the function of appraisal in the course of study attack. What is the function of certification in this course of study attack? Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Early kid development sets the foundation for womb-to-tomb acquisition, behaviour and wellness. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Partnerships with households and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood scenes to run into the demands of immature kids. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Respect for diverseness, equity, and inclusion are requirements for honouring kids ‘s rights, optimum development, and acquisition. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: A planned course of study supports early acquisition. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Play is a agency to early acquisition that capitalizes on kids ‘s natural wonder and exuberance. Used clear illustrations to explicate how this attack supports ELECT rule: Knowing, antiphonal early childhood professionals are indispensable. Provided clear and concrete recommendations for how curriculum theoretical account can break back up the ELECT rules. Provided a clear set of reasoning comments sing what was learned from the research conducted. 0 Not done 1 Not done satisfactorily 2 Met satisfactorily Paper is organized, stapled and include screen. Academic criterion of English and grammar is used. Multiple beginnings of information are reflected in research. Mentions are formatted to A.P.A. manner. Entire MARK / 72 /35 Abstraction A Childs are adventurers and love to look into what is traveling on around them. Imagine if their whole twenty-four hours was spent in anA environment with beautyA formed by their ain creativeness? A Having the chance to play with natural and unfastened endedA stuffs of their ownA involvements, guidanceA from pedagogues to build their acquisition and believing on exciting subjects, and most significantly holding their households be greatly involved in their twenty-four hours, the larning results of each kid would be concrete and long lasting. These are the sorts of chances provided by pedagogues from the Reggio Emilia Approach, found by research worker and instructor Loris Malguzzi. â€Å" Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known † ( Loris Malaguzzi, The Hundred Languages of Children, ch. 3, by Carolyn Edwards ( 1993 ) . This essay will be discoursing what the Reggio Emilia Approach is, and which constructivist theories influence the Reggio Emilia course of study. It will besides bring out the course of study elements and cardinal scheduling used in the attack and in conclusion how its attack supports the six rules of the ELECT papers used in Ontario. The subjects discussed in this paper will be based on the research found in the book Authentic Childhood Experiencing Reggio Emilia in the Classroom by Susan Fraser and besides on-line beginnings. A A A A A A First of all, what is the Reggio Emilia Approach? This inquiry arises amongst many people like, research workers in kid surveies, parents looking for child care, pedagogues looking to work, the authorities when looking to see statistics to see what course of study theoretical account has a successful result of quality child care and many more individuals who are interested in what different child care attacks provide. You read "Creating An Effective Curriculum" in category "Essay examples"A In relation to this, the Reggio Emilia Approach was found by an early instruction specializer from a town in North Italy called Reggio Emilia his name was Loris Malaguzzi ( 1920-1994 ) . Malaguzzi ‘s vision attracts the universe through his drama and undertaking based course of study, kids play and pedagogues guide their drama into undertakings that involvement them. The attack is a combination of rules that build the kid centred environment and course of study. â€Å" Collaboration † is when everyone works together and includes parents, pedagogues, communities and the kids ; â€Å" the image of the child-conceptualizing an image of the kid as competent, imaginative, and full of thoughts † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 8 ) . The â€Å" environment † is known as the 3rd instructor as it is carefully set up by pedagogues to dispute the kid ‘s wonder and acquisition. â€Å" Documenting † is a show of what the kid ‘s experiences are shown through linguistic communication and creativeness. â€Å" Aggravation † is when pedagogues listen carefully to what the kids are stating and farther steer the ideas and achievements. Plans and probes are besides made by everyone involved, which is known as â€Å" progettazione † . A alone rule found in the Reggio Emilia attack is the â€Å" one hundred linguistic communi cations of kids † which means that the kids use many different resources and stuffs to â€Å" do symbolic representations of thoughts that may originate † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 8 ) . The rules from the Reggio Emilia Approach besides include uninterrupted drama. As a whole it is an exciting acquisition environment for the kids, pedagogues and parents all co-learning together. As a 2nd point, allow ‘s discourse which theories influence the Reggio Emilia course of study. For case in a Montessori school the doctrine will be of Maria Montessori and the twenty-four hours will be planned out utilizing didactic stuffs and consecutive stairss based on her research on kid surveies. The Reggio Emilia Approach is non merely based on one doctrine like the Montessori but it is really based on a figure of different philosophers. including Jean Piaget ‘s theory for the sequences of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky theory for the societal facets of acquisition and the importance of drama, Jean Dewey ‘s theory for the function of drama, human nature and â€Å" sing the kid in the context of the household and society † ( Fraser,2000, Page14 ) , Hugh Gardiner ‘s theory of multiple intelligences, Urie Bronfenbrenner ‘s theory on the environment, Barbara Biber ‘s theory included coaction and positive ego image, and there may be mo re. As a consequence of holding so many doctrines combined in the Reggio Emilia Approach, it is known to be a theoretical account, concentrating on the whole kid, development, environment, drama, household engagement, self image controlled by pedagogues truly understanding how to steer kids to show their feelings, and how kids use their multiple intelligence and symbolic linguistic communication. The 3rd subject this paper is turn toing, what are the course of study elements and cardinal scheduling used in Reggio Emilia Schools? Curriculum is what the kids learn from and the experiences they have when being cared for in a kid attention Centre. Key scheduling is the ends and agendas that a school may hold. Traditionally a batch of early child care Centres would be after what toys and activities the kids would play with and so assist and learn the kids how to utilize them or how to make an activity and so a study may be written to demo parents how the kid is acquiring along harmonizing to the kid ‘s development phase. In the Reggio Emilia Approach the course of study is really different to traditional instructor taught course of studies. It is planned by what the kids are interested in while playing and prosecuting in activities of their pick. Appraisal is used to be after what to make in the schoolroom based on a kid ‘s involvements. Its function in the undertaking procedure is to larn the kids ‘s behavior, to detect kids ‘s involvements, to revisit undertakings with the kids, to derive cognition on the kids ‘s capablenesss and as a tool to analyze kids. The Reggio Approach suggests that by measuring undertakings over and over once more, kids understand their ain inquiries. It besides stresses that parents, kids and pedagogues are co-learners. Additionally the principle for pedagogues is to measure alongside the kids. Educators facilitate instead than directing the kids. Educators assess by detecting and stepping in or stepping back whenever they need to. They besides ask of import inquiries that challenge the kids to calculate things out by their ain wonder. Documentation is besides used to be after the Reggio Approach. Here there are many different methods of certification from simple note signifier to â€Å" the more sophisticated electronic equipment, such as digital cameras, webs, audio recording equipments, and picture recording equipments † ( Fraser, 2000, Page 83 ) depending on what sort of observations are being made. The different experimental techniques are running records which are the method used more frequently, clip sampling, art shows, event sampling, anecdotal records, tape recording, sequences of exposure, shows of undertakings, and picture tapes. In the Reggio Approach certification is used every bit shortly as something happens, The journal of Laura a diary taken from a Reggio Centre in Italy provinces that instructors work closely with the kids taking notes, entering observations they think have intending toward the acquisition of that kid. Documentation is done when needed there ‘s non merely specific timings, notes can be taken at any clip, Documentation is done to further appraisal and planning towards undertakings that kids want to get down or are already working towards. The Reggio Emilia Approach does non hold an organized planned course of study it is really really self-generated and is built harmonizing to single or group involvements of the kids. To stress that the course of study is self-generated and is planned on the involvement of the kids pedagogues use different methods of observations at any clip. There are many ways to detect in the Reggio Approach. Note pickings is one manner to detect, they besides use journals to compose contemplations on observations, picture taking, picture, sound, written, watching drama and careful hearing to conversations. Parental observations are taken at place and noted. The principle for the parent appraisals are that they know their kids best and kids are carefully observed on how the environment is used. The Reggio Emilia Approach suggests that kids speak one hundred symbolic linguistic communications and they use observations to find and understand what these linguistic communications are. To clear up, obse rvations are used for appraisal, certification, planning and implementing the course of study. With this in head the pedagogue ‘s function is to steer the natural wonder and acquisition of the kids, and the environment is known as the 3rd instructor. â€Å" The kids are small research workers. They can and desire to pass on with the environing universe † ( Reggio Emilia Philosophy, www.education.com ) . There are many factors that have to be taken into history when it comes to the function of observations and implementing. â€Å" The determination to transport out observations is normally the consequence of a inquiry that has arisen about a kid or a group of kids and their behavior or activities in the Centre † . ( Fraser, 2000, Page 81 ) Similarly, other factors have of import functions in implementing the acquisition procedure, for illustration clip is of import. Children need tonss of clip to work on on-going undertakings. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there are no clip limits on undertakings. Children work on undertakings every bit long as they are still interested. Space and layout is carefully set up for dramatic drama, H2O drama, block drama, physical and use, art and creativeness, out-of-door drama, and quiet clip country. This encourages societal accomplishments, job work outing accomplishments, doing personal picks and squad work methods. â€Å" Teachers carefully form infinites for little and big group undertakings and little confidant infinites for one, two and three kids † . ( About Reggio Emilia doctrine, www.education.com ) The environment is made to look beautiful and inviting. Another factor in implementing the course of study procedure is that the resources that are provided by the pedagogue, another of import function of the pedagogue. Materials are carefully chosen they can be natural stuffs, playthings, games, H2O drama, originative stuffs, unfastened ended stuffs, blocks, mystifiers, books, sand playthings, or even dress up apparels for dramatic drama. Children use the stuffs so they can play and foster their acquisition. To pull strings and get down the procedure of undertakings the pedagogues use positive linguistic communication and encouragement to assist kids larn how to show their emotions. Educators plan team meetings to discourse the observations and planning. Parents are ever welcome to fall in or assist do determinations. Meetings are used to be after what stuffs need to be taken out, how the environment should be set up, what is needed for undertakings that are emerging and besides what things need to be changed. The Reggio Emilia Approach is really similar to the emergent course of study. A batch of the factors used in Reggio are used in the emergent course of study, but the emergent course of study emphasizes development and involvement and Reggio emphasizes on involvement. The concluding point to discourse in this paper is about how the Reggio Emilia Approach uses all six rules of the ELECT papers. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there is a nexus to the first rule of the ELECT papers which is â€Å" Early kid development sets the foundation for womb-to-tomb acquisition, behaviour and wellness † An illustration of this is that journals are shown to parents, each undertaking is based on being kid centered and play based which means that it has to be developmentally appropriate, each appraisal is done to calculate out the involvements of the kid and each kid is observed to their ain developmental phase and long term undertakings are used so pedagogues can see how kids are turning and are developing their acquisition. Besides there are assorted doctrines used in the Reggio Approach one in peculiar linked to the different phases and sequences of development are the doctrine of Piaget. The 2nd rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" Partnerships with households and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood scenes to run into the demands of kids † . The nexus to the Reggio Emilia Approach to the 2nd rule are that parents work as carbon monoxide scholars with pedagogues and kids in the Reggio Emilia attack and exposure are displayed around the Centre for the kids to hold a reminder of place. The 3rd rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" Respect for diverseness, equity and inclusion are requirements for honouring kids ‘s rights, optimum development and acquisition: . The following nexus to The Reggio Emilia Approach is parents are of import, one influence is the doctrine of Bronfenbrenner, â€Å" everyone involved -children, parents and teacher pay an built-in portion in what is known as the circle of we † ( Fraser, page.102 ) Reggio Centre ‘s regard and support households, civilizations and all diverse state of affairss, in add-on to this, the Approach besides brings households together, larning about the different households, civilizations, nutrient and dressing up. The 4th rule of the ELECT papers is â€Å" A planned course of study supports early acquisition † . This rule is met by the undertakings that take topographic point in the Reggio schools, undertakings are worked on in deepness and item, the kid centered attack and kids ‘s involvement program the course of study. â€Å" The Reggio Emilia Approach can be defined hence as â€Å" contextual † , that is, it is determined by the duologue among kids, instructors and the environment environing them † ( The Reggio Emilia Approach – Truly listening to immature kids, www.oecd.org ) . The 5th rule is â€Å" Play is a agency to early acquisition that capitalizes on kids ‘s natural wonder and exuberance † , this rule is linked to the Reggio Emilia Approach The Reggio Approach is play based and has the same doctrine to the ELECT and the Emergent which is that kids learn and grow through different types of drama. â€Å" The word â€Å" drama † is non a often used word in The Reggio Approach, although as seen above, self-generated drama and drama valued as â€Å" meaningful acquisition † figure among the ends for larning and development. ( The Reggio Emilia Approach – Truly listening to immature kids, www.oecd.org ) , in add-on to this the Reggio Emilia Approach besides states that drama is used to picture 100 different linguistic communications through symbolic linguistic communications. The last rule, rule six is â€Å" Knowing, antiphonal early childhood professionals are indispensable † . This rule is besides linked to Reggio Emilia ‘s Approach, as Reggio Centers have instructors with extended staff development ; instructors make ends for them self and instructors besides learn alongside the kids heightening their apprehension of kids. Another illustration of this rule is that the pedagogues of Reggio schools sometimes are non qualified but learn from the other instructors and through each day-to-day experience with the kids. In decision to this paper it shows that it can take a figure of doctrine ‘s to make a high quality theoretical account, and that non merely one doctrine is better than another, but each doctrine really compliments one another, likewise it proves that kids do n’t needfully necessitate to be taught by a instructor but can larn by holding the chance to build their ain acquisition through a kid centered attack. In add-on this paper besides shows that the function of drama, civilization, parents, pedagogues, the environment, observations, appraisal, certification, and planning are all really of import to implement a kid ‘s acquisition to do up a theoretical account like the Reggio Emilia Approach. Finally this paper proves that the Reggio Emilia Approach follows an emergent course of study that can associate to all six rules of the model provided by the ELECT papers. How to cite Creating An Effective Curriculum, Essay examples

Conceptual Theoretical and Empirical Insights

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Theoretical and Empirical Insights. Answer: Introduction: Strategies are different from objectives, goals and tactics. Strategy has become a buzzword today and people use it frequently in their business conservations to show their business acumen without actually knowing what strategy is. Strategy terms has its origin from the war however as businesses are also no less than war in todays world of increasing globalization and competition where customer has become very demanding and possesses high bargaining power over the organizations (Madsen, Walker, 2015) strategy term has become common in business conservations. A good strategy should be defined in keeping in mind the following 4 questions: Where do we compete, what are our target markets? What is our unique value proposition or why customer should buy from us and not from our competitors? What our strengths and capabilities are? Is it efficient supply chain, reputation, supplier network, dealer network, technology? How we will sustain the unique value going forward? IKEAs strategy is very clear; they compete in a low end furniture market and use mass production to keep the cost low. Their wide network and choice of markets is unique. Not only this, they do not manufacture but design the furniture. They also use flat boxes and do the final assembly at the customer space and this helps them to save on transportation cost. This is how the good strategy is defined. Organization that could be benefitted from the application LOreal is French cosmetic company and leader in beauty products, cosmetic products. LOreals key strengths are its innovation and variety in products, marketing capabilities. Their unique value proposition is their products (Kumar, Bennett, 2003),. However, they relatively have very high inventories of their products and unable to match demand and supply across various parts of the world which result in loss of sales and sometimes obsolete inventory if they manufacture in advance. They need to define clear strategy that should help them to deal with their existing problems. Delayed differentiation is one such thing which can be employed by the organization to get rid of the excessive inventory problem. For instance, they can use labeling postponement strategy which means that they should keep their products ready but do not label the products in a particular language. They should wait for a final order and then can print labels in whatever language they want and thus can supply to an y country. This strategy will differentiates them from their competitors and will be their unique value preposition. This postponement strategy will make them supply chain robust by decreasing the amount of inventory. This strategy helps them to fulfils the demand from different markets worldwide and also quite sustainable. They can bring same strategy to their other product lines and to different manufacturing plants to keep it sustainable. Business Model Innovation Innovation is something that keeps the business running. It either adds more value to the product or brings down the cost and thus provides the competitive advantage. There are big organizations like Xerox, Kodak, Yahoo and many more who were once leaders in the markets but as they failed to innovate themselves and redesign their strategies in respect to market demands, they failed. Kodak missed the bus for digital camera revolution where as Canon, Kodak, Sony innovate themselves and become market leaders in selling the digital camera (Morris, Schindehutte, Richardson, Allen, 2015). Innovation need not necessarily be inventing something. For instance, Amazon does not invent the bookstores but they invent the business model. Uber has one of the most innovative business models where they do own a single taxi themselves, they are just cab aggregators and provides service through their mobile app. Alibaba does not own any inventory despite being a most powerful retailer (Nambisan, Lyytinen, Majchrzak, Song, 2017). Good business model provides answers to following questions: Who is your target customer What are your offering How do you create value How do you generate revenue Organizations could follow 4 step processes for reinventing their business model which are as follows: Initiation defines current way of things and analyzing it Ideation defines new way of doing things by challenging your existing state Integration helps in analyzing the consistency and viability of the business model Implementation refers to start using new model Organization that could be benefitted from the application Dell is the leader is selling PCs online which are configuring to order. It helps its customers to customize their PC by selecting various configurations. Thus, Dells PC s can have hard disk from many vendors depending upon the choice of the consumers as Dell itself is just an assembler. They are able to provide mass customized products by postponement strategy. They assemble the common components that are used across most of the products and then wait for the final assembly till the customer orders is received with exact specifications. There are many other vendors like HP, IBM that do not provide customized products due to their existing business models to consumers and hence missing on a very big target market for techies who like to have their own specifications due to their requirements. Thus, HP does not produce some combinations of Processors, hard disc size, ram size. They have standard PCs with a fixed configuration. There are people in the market who want customized products due to their unique requirements and are willing to pay extra for this. Thus, HP should consider reinventing its business model to capture more market (Blossfeld, Hofacker, 2014). At the same time, Dell also has the opportunity to upgrade its business model by making PCs in standard configurations. It is because many people are not confident of choosing a configuration themselves and hence prefer standard configurations. References Blossfeld, H. P., Hofcker, D. (2014). Globalization, rising uncertainty and life courses in modern societies: a summary of research findings and open research questions.Sociologia del lavoro. Kumar, S., Bennett, K. (2003, January). Global Operations and Logistics Trends in the Household and Personal Care Products Market. InSupply Chain Forum: An International Journal(Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 10-20). Taylor Francis. Madsen, T. L., Walker, G. (2015).Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J., Allen, J. (2015). Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), 27-50. Nambisan, S., Lyytinen, K., Majchrzak, A., Song, M. (2017). Digital Innovation Management: Reinventing Innovation Management Research in a Digital World.MIS Quarterly,41(1), 223-238.